This paper provides an overview and analysis of the Indigenous Justice Agreements (IJAs) introduced by Australian states and territories, and examines whether strategic planning on Indigenous justice issues is improving Indigenous justice outcomes as intended. The authors identify four key factors for success of IJAs, along with key challenges likely to impact upon their effectiveness. Despite significant shortcomings, the authors conclude that IJAs do have a positive impact, in particular by providing Indigenous people with input into strategic planning, and providing government with a systematic and coherent strategy to address Indigenous justice issues.