This literature review was undertaken as part of a larger project concerned with the development of resources to enhance the education and training of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander workers in the illicit drug field. The specific aims of the literature review were: to identify the range of factors (including cultural relevance) which may have a role in mediating the impact of education and training on work practice change; to critically evaluate the evidence for the relevance of each factor to work practice change; to identify gaps and overlaps in currently available education and training; to identify barriers and facilitators of education and training and its impact on work practice; to make recommendations for overcoming the identified barriers to education and training; to identify the appropriate content for the training resource; and to identify mechanisms for ongoing monitoring and evaluation, including performance indicators.