It seems clear that child sexual assault is chronically under reported in Indigenous communities and that prosecution levels are low. This article examines the prevalence of child sexual assault in Indigenous communities and the effects of such abuse on the victims. It then discusses the cultural clash between protecting Aboriginal children from abuse and allowing self determination for Indigenous communities, and examines New South Wales and Federal Government responses to the problem. Despite numerous studies, community consultations and government policy initiatives, it appears that these have not had a real impact on the reporting rate of child sexual abuse or the prosecution of offenders in Indigenous communities.