While several key contributing factors to illegal activity have been identified and frequently studied, this article identifies mental health/illness, intellectual disability (ID) and Aboriginal status as factors that need further attention and examination. In order to try and address the over-representation of Aboriginals in the prison system this paper focuses upon the complex and poorly understood relationship between ID and Aboriginal status. The study found that those with an ID were more likely to reoffend and that those with an ID were also more likely to be young and Aboriginal. It was also found that being Aboriginal was a primary predictor of criminality regardless of ID. The article gives statistical information followed by a discussion regarding their findings and preventative and treatment recommendations are made.