This report was commissioned by the South Australian Council of Social Service (SACOSS) to examine the systemic factors contributing to the continuing over-representation of Aboriginal young people in the South Australian juvenile justice system. The report primarily draws on interviews with key stakeholders and also includes an overview of the key statistics for South Australia, as well as a review of current justice policies and programs. The focus of this report is on the custodial and non-custodial system applying once a breach of the law is identified. Although both the overall number of Aboriginal young people and the rate per 100,000 population within the system have decreased in recent years, the level of over-representation has increased, because the rate of involvement of the general young population has decreased at a greater rate. The report concludes that narrow justice-based responses, and the separation of juvenile justice systems from broader welfare concerns, fail to address the broad social context which facilitates offending and do not provide the supports that vulnerable young people need. It identifies a lack of self-determination in law and justice matters as significant to the issue of over-representation of Aboriginal young people.