Paternal imprisonment creates a significant risk for the intergenerational transmission of offending but there is little research on the mechanisms underpinning this risk. Culturally relevant research is also essential in the context of high imprisonment rates of Indigenous Australian men. Interviews were conducted with 41 Indigenous Australian fathers from two prisons in North Queensland to examine their identities as fathers in prison and the barriers associated with maintaining relationships with their children. Findings are discussed from various aspects, including the implications for children’s well-being. (Abstract, editied).