This report outlines the key findings of a research project on a cohort of 2,731 individuals in NSW whose mental health disorders and cognitive disability (MHDCD) diagnoses are known, who have been in prison and whose criminal justice and human service contacts have been compiled into a linked and de-identified dataset (the MHDCD dataset). The main aims of this project were to: explore the pathways people with cognitive disability take into and through the criminal justice system; investigate the impact interagency, and agency with individual interactions have upon people with cognitive disability in relation to their involvement with the criminal justice system; and highlight potential points of intervention to assist to divert people in this group from the criminal justice system. Indigenous Australians were found to have the higher rates of intellectual disability at 65% when compared to 54% of the whole cohort. Those with cognitive disability had almost twenty-two more police contacts over their lifecourse than those without cognitive disability. For Indigenous Australians, having a cognitive disability is associated with earlier police contact and higher levels of contact than those without this disability.